The Treasury has told the government it needs to implement "wide and ambitious" policy reforms to increase economic growth and meet its target of returning to surplus in 2014/15.
In a briefing paper to ministers, released today, it says new spending in future budgets will have to be less than in the past.
It suggests "further efficiency gains" in the public service, which usually means cutting departmental budgets and jobs.
"Policy changes are needed to increase incentives to invest and conduct business in New Zealand, raise productivity and minimise cost pressures," it says.
"This would entail a wide and ambitious programme of reform across government policies relating to education, welfare, tax, regulation, science and innovation, infrastructure and the management of natural resources."
The Treasury issues advice to ministers after elections, telling them what it thinks needs to be done to generate economic growth.
Its suggestions are often considered too radical and politically dangerous to implement.
Among its latest suggested measures are:
* Reintroducing interest on student loans, which the government has previously rejected.
* Using education money more efficiently by increasing class sizes and spending more on teacher training.
* Cutting income and company tax, which the government says it can't afford.
* Contracting out some welfare services.
* Making further reforms to the Resource Management Act.
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